![]() Second, CHB patients with intrahepatic inflammation (elevated ALT levels at baseline or after treatment) were reported to be more likely to achieve HBsAg clearance or seroconversion after IFNα treatment 10, 11. ![]() Twelve of 16 (75%) CHB patients with HBsAg <100 IU/ml achieved HBsAg seroconversion, suggesting that the lower the HBsAg levels were, the more effective IFN was in suppressing HBV 9. First, over 35% of CHB patients (947 of 2597 in a real-world observation study) with HBsAg below 1500 IU/ml after a certain duration of NAs treatment were reported to achieve functional cure after IFNα treatment 8. Although serum HBV DNA may be undetectable, the persistent intrahepatic existence of viral mRNAs and proteins (HBcAg, HBx and HBsAg) continually stresses virus-containing hepatocytes and creates an immune tolerance microenvironment in the liver, which eventually leads to hepatocyte malignancy and progression to HCC after decades 6, 7.ĭuring the past decade, IFNα treatment has effectively achieved functional cure in some CHB populations (functional cure definition: sustained undetectable HBsAg and HBV DNA in the serum long term after drug cessation). However, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, despite achieving undetectable serum HBV-DNA levels, still have a high risk of developing HCC 3, 4, 5. As the main approved therapy option, nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) targeting the viral reverse transcription step can effectively block progeny virus generation and prevent and even reverse hepatic complications 2. Similar content being viewed by othersĬhronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a threat to public health, affecting an estimated 250 million people (3.5% of the population) worldwide and causing liver diseases such as hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with approximately 900,000 annual mortalities 1. PEG-IFNα2 treatment successfully suppresses intrahepatic HBV replication and achieves HBsAg seroconversion. Our huIFNAR mouse can authentically respond to human interferon stimulation, providing a platform to study interferon function in vivo. We observe that activation of intrahepatic monocytes and effector memory CD8 T cells by human interferon may be critical for HBsAg suppression. Fifteen weeks of human PEG-IFNα2 treatment significantly reduces HBsAg and HBeAg and even achieves HBsAg seroconversion. Finally, by using the AAV-HBV model, we test the antiviral effects of human interferon. Next, we reveal the tissue-specific gene expression atlas across multiple organs in response to human IFN treatment this pattern has not been reported in healthy humans in vivo. Then, we demonstrate that human IFN stimulates gene expression profiles in huIFNAR peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are similar to those in human PBMCs, supporting the representativeness of this mouse model for functionally analyzing human IFN in vivo. Here, we generate a type I interferon receptor humanized mouse (huIFNAR mouse) through a CRISPR/Cas9-based knock-in strategy. The menu is short but tempting and each cocktail is $14.įig.The underlying mechanism of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) functional cure by interferon (IFN), especially in patients with low HBsAg and/or young ages, is still unresolved due to the lack of surrogate models. Next time I’ll try to write down what I had. 19 feels more upscale than most other speakeasies I’ve been to. I’m not sure if there’s a dress code, but Fig. There are no signs, so you need to know where you’re going. 19 is hidden behind an unmarked door in the back of The Lodge Gallery. I was sure she wouldn’t, but lucky for me (and for the non-Finnish guy), we never made that bet, because the date actually arrived 20 minutes later. He was waiting for his date, who was late, and Alex and I were secretly considering entering a second bet regarding whether the date would show up or not. I was 100% sure that he was, because I thought I heard a Finnish accent, when he was placing his order, but it turned out, he was from New Jersey. The bet was about whether another guy in the bar was from Finland. That night, I ended up buying Alex a round too, because I lost a bet. ![]() One of them had grated chocolate sprinkled on top, and all of them were very good, but that’s all I can tell you. I really should start writing down the cocktails I’m having, because I always forget. After Con Artist Collective, we went over to Fig.
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